Inflammation of the urinary tract is a common problem not only among women;half of humanity also suffers from this disease, but less often due to physiological characteristics.The main symptoms of cystitis in men: increased frequency of urination and its pain, discomfort and pain in the suprapubic region, impurities in urine.Therapy involves the use of antimicrobial drugs and various procedures.
What is cystitis
A bacterial infection leads to inflammation of the bladder.This occurs when pathogens enter the target organ through the urethra.The condition is classified as a lower urinary tract infection.The male urethra is longer than the female urethra, so cystitis is less common in the stronger half of humanity than in women.
Reasons
Following simple rules of personal hygiene will allow a young man to avoid cystitis with almost one hundred percent probability.At older ages, the risk of contracting the disease increases.Cystitis is often caused by other conditions, such as urethral stricture, urolithiasis, and chronic sexually transmitted infections.Weakening of immunity is also a trigger, often due to the use of cytostatics and hormonal drugs.
The cause of cystitis in women is an ascending infection of the urethra, vagina and anus, while in men it spreads from the urethra, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicles.The presence of urological problems leading to narrowing of the urethra and stagnation of urine can cause the disease.Blockage of the urethra by any foreign body, stones, diverticula (protrusion from the wall of the organ), prostate adenoma can lead to cystitis.
Since it is difficult for the infection to penetrate a man's bladder, cystitis can occur against the background of other diseases, such as vesiculitis, orchitis, urethritis, prostatitis and epididymitis.Urogenital infection occurs when infected with ureaplasma, treponema pallidum (syphilis), gonococcus, mycoplasma, staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, enterococci, trichomonas, chlamydia, proteus, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus,Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas, fungi (candidiasis), Klebsiella, Listeria or coliforms.
The infection can also be descending in nature if caused by renal tuberculosis or pyelonephritis.Favorable conditions for the development of cystitis can be the presence of bad habits, stress, poor diet and excessive physical activity.Sinusitis, influenza, chronic tonsillitis, although they first affect the respiratory system, can spread through the bloodstream to other organs and introduce bacteria into the bladder.This leads to the fact that cystitis often occurs as a complication of infectious diseases.
The infection can be introduced by hospital doctors during catheterization or cystoscopy.Other factors contributing to the disease include diabetes mellitus, hypothermia, stress, lack of sleep, abdominal surgery, prostate resection, transurethral surgery, and malignant tumors of the urethra and prostate.
The first signs of cystitis in men
If an inflammatory process is suspected, treatment should not be delayed.Cystitis in men is diagnosed and antibiotics are prescribed.The first signs of the disease can be detected independently if:
- frequent urination
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- burning when urinating;
- blood, mucus and pus in the urine;
- general weakness, temperature above normal (37°C).
Symptoms
Male cystitis is determined by pronounced symptoms.The development of the disease in an acute form is indicated by increased frequency of urination, difficulty and painful sensations in the lower abdomen and cloudy urine.If these phenomena occur, it is necessary to consult a urologist as quickly as possible.The frequent urge to urinate is one of the main symptoms of cystitis, while a very small amount of fluid may come out during a trip to the toilet and incontinence often occurs.
If you have cystitis, a man may need to strain to start urinating.Painful sensations, burning or tingling also occur, especially strong at the beginning and final stages of urination.The pain varies in strength and intensity and may be accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the penis, perineum and pubic region.Symptoms of cystitis in men are complemented by high body temperature, headache, fatigue, weakness, increased sweating, chills and decreased appetite.
With the hemorrhagic and gangrenous form of cystitis, the urine becomes cloudy.It may contain blood and mucus and a pungent and unpleasant rotting smell appears.The volume of urine is reduced to 400 ml per day.Symptoms of cystitis in men are mild if the chronic form is observed.Almost no pain is felt, the frequency of urination increases slightly, and only mucus is present in the urine.This form of the disease experiences periods of exacerbation and remission.
Chronic cystitis
This form is characterized by few symptoms and often presents a continuously stable or undulating course.So, the complications of cystitis in men in chronic form are as follows:
- leukocyturia persists (increase in the number of leukocytes in the urine);
- pyuria (presence of pus in the urine);
- proteinuria (excretion of protein in the urine above normal);
- macroscopic or microscopic hematuria (presence of blood in the urine);
- the presence of mucus in the urine.
Spicy
This form of cystitis has widespread symptoms.The main manifestations indicating the acute phase are as follows:
- frequent urination, including nocturia (predominance of nocturnal diuresis);
- imperative impulses;
- stranguria (pain, difficulty urinating);
- cloudy urine;
- terminal hematuria;
- fever, chills, decreased work capacity;
- pain, tingling and burning when urinating,
- pain in the suprapubic region, penis, groin, scrotum;
- decrease in urine volume (up to 10-20 ml);
- development of incontinence;
- leukocyturia, hematuria, pyuria.
- intoxication (in hemorrhagic, gangrenous or phlegmonous form);
- cloudy color of urine, putrid smell of discharge, presence of cut impurities and mucus.
Treatment
To prevent inflammation of the bladder, prevention of cystitis in men is important.If, nevertheless, it was not possible to protect yourself and the first signs of the disease appear, then you should consult a specialist as soon as possible.Treatment is prescribed only after the urologist collects a complete history and conducts examinations.Acute cystitis, accompanied by severe pain and persistent urinary retention, will require hospital treatment and a detailed study of the processes occurring in the body to determine the type of pathogenic microorganism.The following therapies are recommended as general therapies:
- Bed rest during the acute period of the disease, use of antipyretics, consumption of large amounts of fluid (up to 2.5 liters per day), compliance with a diet in the absence of acidic, spicy and salty foods in the diet.
- Antibiotics.Once the pathogen is identified, antimicrobial agents are prescribed.The most common are fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans and cephalosporins.The drugs are taken for a week.
- Phytotherapy.Diuretic and anti-inflammatory medicinal plants are effective against cystitis.Herbal teas (bearberry, horsetail, lingonberry leaf) will be useful for this disease.These drugs have a supportive effect and help relieve inflammation.You should be aware of the possibility of an allergic reaction to herbs.Cranberry juice or a fruit drink will be beneficial;tablets containing cranberry extract are effective.These medications reduce the concentration of the antibiotic and can therefore be used after treatment has ended.
- Antispasmodic medications and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will help relieve pain.
- Certain sexually transmitted infections can cause cystitis in men.The treatment regimen is prescribed by a specialist.
- Immunomodulators and probiotics.Such remedies help the body recover after a course of antibiotics.They do not participate directly in the treatment of the disease.Immunomodulators help the body fight pathogens, and probiotics restore the intestinal microflora.
- The course of treatment depends on concomitant diseases, such as pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, adenomectomy, prostatitis.Treatment of these diseases is necessary to cure cystitis.
- Bladder washing.In some cases, this procedure is recommended using antiseptics;the use of novocaine blockades is effective.
- Physiotherapy.At the end of the acute period of the disease, in order to accelerate the recovery of the body and resorption, ultrasound, UHF, mud therapy, magnetic laser therapy and electrophoresis procedures are used.